Method for creating defect management information in an recording medium, and apparatus and medium based on said method

ABSTRACT

This invention provides a method for creating/writing defect management information of an information recording medium and an apparatus and optical disc based on the method. In the present invention, it depends on the type of data to be reproduced whether or not defective sectors which are detected during reproduction operation are replaced with non-defective sectors. If read-out errors are detected in reproducing non-audio/video data, linear replacement algorithm is applied to the corresponding defective sectors. On the other hand, in case of audio/video data, location information of the corresponding defective sectors is just kept without any sector replacement. Therefore, this invention enables to reproduce audio/video data in real-time regardless of the presence of defective sectors and to avoid writing data to the defective sectors when new data is overwritten to the information recording medium.

This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/259,297 filed Mar. 1,1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,564,345, which application is herebyincorporated by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a method for managing defects whicharise in an information recording medium, more particularly, to a methodfor creating/writing defect management information for an informationrecording medium, and to an apparatus and an optical disc using themethod.

2. Description of the Related Art

Optical discs have come into wide use since the advent of CD (compactdisc) and the demand for optical discs is expected to grow steadily withpopularization of DVD (digital versatile disc). Optical discs includeread-only discs such as CD-ROM and DVD-ROM, write-once discs such asCD-R and DVD-R, and rewritable discs such as CD-RW and DVD-RAM. Standardformats of CD-RW and DVD-RAM have released and standardization for VDR(video disc recorder) is in progress.

For rewritable optical discs such as DVD-RAM, defects which arise intheir recording surface should be managed to achieve high reliablewrite/reproduction operation in a manner that data is not written tosectors in which read-out errors are detected beyond a predeterminedlevel (hereinafter referred to as “defective” or “bad” sectors). Toaccomplish this, defect management is performed such that addresses ofdefective sectors are stored in a defect management table on the opticaldisc and data access to the defective sectors, write or read-out, isprohibited.

As shown in FIG. 1, the rewritable physical area of DVD-RAM has alead-in area, a data area, and a lead-out area. The data area is dividedinto contiguous 24 groups, and guard area is situated before and behindeach group. Each group is made up of a user area for recording data anda spare area which provides a storage area in place of defective portionof the user area.

The data area is also made up of a plurality of blocks, each of whichconsists of 16 sectors. The position of each sector is specified by aphysical address which is given uniquely to each sector. When data isrecorded, LSN (logical sector number) is assigned sequentially to everysector except defective ones.

Defect management information, or physical addresses of defectivesectors within the data area are stored in DMA (defective managementarea), which is provided in four places, two in lead-in area and theother two in lead-out area, as shown in FIG. 1, to protect against thedefects which may arise in the four DMA themselves.

The DMA is made up of two ECC (error correction code) blocks, or 32sectors. The first ECC block consists of one sector for DDS (discdefinition structure) and 15 other sectors for PDL (primary defectlist).Sixteen sectors of the second ECC block are used for SDL(secondary defect list).

The examples of DDS, PDL, and SDL are illustrated in tables 1, 2, and 3,respectively.

TABLE 1 DDS structure Size (in location byte contents 0˜1 2 DDSidentifier (0A0Ah) 2 1 Reserved (00h) 3 1 Disc Certification flag 4˜7 4DDS/PDL, 8˜9 2 The number of groups  10˜2047 2038 Reserved (00h)

TABLE 2 PDL structure Size(in location byte) contents 0˜ 1 2 PDLidentifier (0001h) 2˜ 3 2 The number of entries in PDL 4˜ 7 4 The 1^(st)bad sector address  8˜ 11 4 The 2^(nd) bad sector address . . . . . . .. .

TABLE 3 SDL structure Size (in location byte) Contents 0˜1 2 SDLidentifier (0002h) 2˜3 2 Reserved (00h) 4˜7 4 SDL update counter  8˜15 8Spare area full flags 16˜21 6 Reserved (00h) 22˜23 2 The number ofentries in SDL 24˜31 8 The 1^(st) bad sector address & the 1^(st)replacement sector address . . . . . . . . .

Methods for creating and managing defect management information such asPDL and SDL are explained below with reference to DVD-RAM.

PDL Creation and Management (In Write Operation)

The optical disc, or DVD-RAM is tested by the manufacturer to determinethe validity of each sector. To do this, data is written to each sectorand then read out from that sector to check whether that sector is bador not. Sectors in which read-out errors are detected beyond apredetermined level are classified as defective ones at themanufacturing time and their physical addresses are stored in the PDLone after another, as shown in FIG. 1.

If a user requests to write data to the optical disc, a write command issent to the optical disc drive and then the data begins to be written tounused sectors on the user area sequentially, as shown in FIG. 2. Eachtime data is written to the target sector, the physical address of thetarget sector is compared to those of defective sectors in the PDL. Ifthe target sector is matched with one of defective sectors in the PDL,the target sector is skipped and the data is written to the next validsector. This scheme to compensate for defective sectors is called“slipping replacement”.

In case where there is no defective sector on the user area, data iswritten only on the user area, as shown in the upper layout of FIG. 2.On the other hand, if there are defective sectors in the PDL, as manysectors in the spare area as defective sectors in the user area are usedfor sector replacement, as shown in the lower layout of FIG. 2.

A sector may become defective due to a deterioration in quality bycyclic reproduction operation of the optical disc. Such a defectivesector is referred to as a “grown” defective one. Hence, when data iswritten to the optical disc, every sector which has not been listed inthe PDL is examined to determine if it has a grown defect. Each sectoridentified as defective one is subjected to the sector slippingalgorithm and the address of that sector is added to the PDL toguarantee that data is not written to the defective sector withoutsector verification process from the next write operation on.

In this way, the number of entries in the PDL increases as the writeoperation is repeated.

The criterion by which a sector is identified as bad one is as follows.A sector with ECC (hereinafter referred to as “ECC sector”) isconstructed by data of 182 bytes×13 rows, as shown in FIG. 5, and a PID(physical identification) is assigned uniquely to each sector. The PIDis written on each sector at four reserved locations. The sector isdetermined as defective sector if there are three or more errors in thePID read-out in one sector or if the number of rows having four or moreerror bytes in one sector is one or more. ECC block is classified as badone when the number of rows having four or more error bytes in one ECCblock is six or more.

SDL Creation and Management (In Reproduction Operation)

When the optical disc is placed into service, sectors on the disc maybecome defective. Hence, while reproducing the optical disc, sectorswhich have not been listed in the PDL are examined to determine whetheror not they became grown defective sectors. If one sector is determinedas bad one, data recorded in 16 logical sectors of the ECC block havingthe bad sector (bad ECC block) is transferred to a valid ECC block whichis available on the spare area sequentially, as shown in FIG. 3. Thisscheme is called “linear replacement”. Then, a pair of the physicaladdress of the first or head sector of the defective ECC block and thephysical address of the first sector of the replacement ECC block isstored as an entry of the SDL.

When there is a lack of usable spare blocks in a present group, fullflag corresponding to the group in the SDL is set to 1 and valid spareblocks are borrowed for linear replacement from the spare area ofanother group.

In reproduction operation, each ECC block is determined as bad one ifthe number of rows having four or more error bytes in one ECC block iseight or more or if there are one or more sectors in which more thanthree PID read-out arise.

When data is written to or read out from a DVD-RAM, a logical blockaddress which is sent from the associated host computer to a DVD-RAMdrive is translated to a physical target address. The PDL is thenreviewed to determine if any slip adjustment is needed. That is, thephysical target address is compared to those of defective sectors in thePDL. If it is determined that the sector at the physical target addressis defective, the defective sector is skipped and the subsequent sectorsare examined until a valid sector is found. Then the physical targetaddress is adjusted so as to locate the next valid sector. Inreproduction operation, the physical target address is compared to thelist of the SDL to check if any sector replacement is required. If thephysical target address is matched with one of those in the SDL, thephysical target address of the replacement sector is read out from theSDL.

In case of optical disc which is dedicated to moving pictures or speech,it is crucial that the audio/video data is reproduced in real-time.However, the reproduction operation is interrupted for a short period oftime corresponding to the sector replacement requiring data movement onthe optical disc when grown defective sectors which have not been listedin the SDL are detected during reproduction. In this case, thereproduction speed of data recorded on the defective sectors is lowered,resulting in a short interruption of reproduction of audio/video data.

No management of new defective areas which have not been listed in thePDL and SDL at the reproduction time can be a method for solving theshort interruption by the linear replacement. In this case, however,when the already-written audio/video data is erased and then a newaudio/video data is overwritten to the VDR, the new data may be writtento the defective sectors or blocks. As a result, read-out error ofaudio/video data which is newly recorded on such defective sectors orbocks cannot be avoid.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is therefore a primary object of the present invention to provide amethod for creating defect management information which enables toreproduce audio/video data on an information recording medium inreal-time regardless of the presence of defective sectors and to avoidwriting data to the defective sectors when new audio/video data isrecorded to the recording medium, and to provide an apparatus and anoptical disc for realizing the method.

To achieve the object, the present invention provides a method forcreating defect management information of an information recordingmedium comprising the steps of detecting the presence of defective areason an information recording medium on the basis of read-out errors ofaudio/video data reproduced from the information recording medium; andwriting location information of the detected defective areas at areserved area on the information recording medium, which can be situatedadjacent to or separated from a general defect management informationarea of the information recording medium.

The method for creating defect management information according to thepresent invention further comprises the step of moving the locationinformation of the detected defective sectors recorded in the reservedarea into the general defect management information area, when one ofpre-assigned operations such as erasing operation is requested.

An apparatus for creating defect management information of aninformation recording medium according to the present inventioncomprises a means for storing the location information of the detecteddefective areas separately according to whether or not the data to bereproduced is audio/video data or not; and a means for writing the twosets of location information of the detected defective areas intorespective reserved areas on the information recording medium.

The apparatus for creating defect management information according tothe present invention further comprises a means for obtaining addressesof the area in which data to be erased is recorded; a means forreviewing the storing means keeping the location information, oraddresses of audio/video data's detective areas and determining whetheror not there is any defective area, address of which is matched with theobtained addresses; and a means for moving the matched addresses betweenthe areas for defect information.

An information recording medium according to the present inventioncomprises a first area for storing location information of defectiveareas to avoid writing data to the defective areas on the informationrecording medium; and a second area for storing information signifyinglocation information of the defective areas in which audio/video data isrecorded, the second area being arranged so that it is close to orseparated from the first area.

According to the present invention, while reproducing data from theinformation recording medium, it is checked whether or not there areerrors in the read-out of the data being reproduced. In case whereread-out errors are detected during reproduction of audio/video data,location information of the corresponding defective areas is stored in areserved area on the optical recording medium without sector replacementor stored in a portion of the storing means temporarily. The reservedarea for the location information may be located close to or separatedfrom the reserved area for general defect management information.

After that, if erasing of data on the information recording medium isrequested, the address obtaining means obtains address information ofthe area in which the data to be erased is recorded. Next, the locationinformation, or addresses of defective areas which are temporarilystored in the storing means are read out and are then compared with theobtained addresses to determine if there are matched addresses. Thegeneral defect management information is renewed to include the matchedaddresses by the moving means.

According to the present invention, it is possible to reproduceaudio/video data in real-time regardless of the presence of defectivesectors by eliminating reproduction delay which arises due toreplacement of defective areas on the information recording medium, andto prohibit data from being written to the defective areas which aredetected during reproduction, when new data is written to theinformation recording medium.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a furtherunderstanding of the invention, illustrate the preferred embodiment ofthis invention, and together with the description, serve to explain theprinciples of the present invention.

In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a layout figure showing the partition of rewritable area of anoptical disc and defect lists;

FIG. 2 is a drawing explaining slipping replacement algorithm in thewrite operation;

FIG. 3 is a drawing explaining linear replacement algorithm in thereproduction operation;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a preferred embodiment of optical discrecording/reproducing apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 5 shows a layout of an sector attached with ECC;

FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the write process to the optical disc;

FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing the reproduction process of audio/video(A/V) data from the optical disc according to the method of creatingdefect management information of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing the reproduction process of non-A/V datafrom the optical disc;

FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing the defective list updating process whenA/V data is erased; and

FIG. 10 is a layout figure showing the rewritable area of the opticaldisc according to the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFFERRED EMBODIMENT

The preferred embodiment of the present invention will be describedbelow in detail referring to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 4 depicts a partial block diagram of a VDR player embodying thecreation method of defective management information according to thepresent invention. The VDR player comprises an optical pickup 10 forreading/writing data from/to an optical disc; a servo controller 110 forcontrolling the optical pickup 10; a read-out signal processing unit 40for classifying the type of data reproduced from the optical disc; a PIDdetector 50 for detecting the PID of data which is read out from thedisc; a SDL manager 90 for judging whether a sector is defective or notbased on read-out error of the detected PID, and for selecting newdefective sectors which have not been listed in the SDL by using defectinformation in the SDL; a reproducing unit 60 for decompressing andprocessing A/V data received from the read-out signal processing unit40; an interface RAM 130 for temporarily storing the A/V datatransferred to a host computer; a T-PDL (Temporary PDL) manager 80 forjudging whether a sector is defective or not on the basis of read-outerror of the A/V data and for selecting new defective sectors which havenot been listed in the T-PDL; memory 70 for temporarily storing the PDL,SDL, and T-PDL; an address manager 120 for obtaining the physicaladdresses of sectors on which data to be erased are recorded, whenerasing process of data is requested; a write signal processing unit 30for moving information on the physical addresses which are matched withthose stored in the T-PDL to the PDL on the optical disc; and laser beamcontroller 20 for controlling laser for writing data to the opticaldisc;

With reference to flowcharts of FIG. 6 or FIG. 9, and FIG. 4, the methodfor creating defective management information of an optical discaccording to the present invention will be described below in detail.

Once the optical disc drive starts to reproduce the optical disc, thePDL and the SDL are read from the lead-in area of the optical disc andare then stored in a PDL-section memory 70 a and a SDL-section memory 70c, respectively. Defective sectors stored in the PDL are skipped, andinstead of bad sectors kept in the SDL, data is read out and reproducedfrom the corresponding replacement sectors

Meanwhile, data which is read out from the optical disc by the opticalpickup 10 is inputted to the read-out signal processing unit 40, where aclassification is made as to whether the data is A/V data or not.Non-A/V data or control data is supplied to the SDL manager 90 throughthe PID detector 50. A decision is made as to whether the non-A/V datahas read-out errors by the SDL manager. If it is determined that thenon-A/V data has errors, an ECC block containing the sector(s) in whichthe non-A/V data is recorded is replaced by a replacement ECC block onspare area. The non-A/V data is then recorded therein. A pair of the PIDof the first sector of the defective ECC block and PID of the firstsector of the replacement ECC block are stored in the SDL-section memory70 c.

On the other hand, if A/V data is reproduced, the A/V data istransferred to the host computer through the reproducing unit 60 and theinterface RAM 130. It is determined by the T-PDL manager 80 whether ornot the A/V data has read-out errors in the unit of sector. The PIDs ofsectors which are determined as defective are stored in the T-PDLsection memory 70 b.

In this way, The PIDs of defective sectors where A/D data is recordedare stored in the T-PDL section memory 70 b, and the PIDs of defectivesectors of non-A/V data are stored in the SDL-section

memory 70 c. After reproduction operation is completed, defectinformation that has been added to the T-PDL section memory and theSDL-section memory is written to respective reserved areas on theoptical disc, as shown in FIG. 10. After that, when the disc isreproduced again, while defective sectors stored in the PDL and SDL areskipped, the defective sectors kept in the T-PDL are reproduced, notskipped. As a result, A/V data is reproduced in real-time without anysector replacement even if sectors containing the A/V data has beenidentified as defective ones.

When a user requests to erase data on the optical disc to record newdata, a signal notifying erasing operation is sent to the optical discdrive. Once the signal is received, the PDL, SDL, T-PDL are all read outfrom the disc and are then stored in their respective memory sections 70a, 70 c, 70 b. The PIDs of sectors containing the data to be erased arecompared to those of defective sectors stored in the T-PDL sectionmemory 70 b. If there are matched PIDs, the matched PIDs are moved fromthe T-PDL section memory 70 b into the PDL-section memory 70 a through abus line (not shown). As a result, the defective sectors are allowed tobe slipped at the time of rewriting operation and the data is prohibitedfrom being written to the defective sectors associated with the matchedPIDs. After the rewriting operation is completed, the renewed PDL iswritten to its reserved area on the optical disc.

On the other hand, in this embodiment of the present invention, it ispossible that defective sectors in which non-A/V data is recorded maynot be replaced by replacement sectors but its PID may be stored in theT-PDL section memory 70 b, like defective sectors where A/V data isrecorded.

The write operation according to the method for creating defectivemanagement information of the present invention is described below indetail with reference to FIG. 6, which is the same as that of the priorart method.

If a write command is inputted to the optical disc drive (S10), it is,first, checked whether or not the write operation is completed (S13).Then, the PDL stored in memory 70 a is reviewed to determine if thephysical address of the target sector is included in the PDL (S15).

If it is determined that the physical target address is included in thePDL, the target sector is skipped and then the next target sector isdetermined (S17). For the next target sector, the process from the stepS13 is repeated. On the other hand, in case where it is determined inthe step S15 that the target address is not included in the PDL, thetarget sector is examined to determine if the target sector has becomedefective since the last renewal of the PDL. That is, after reading outand decoding four PIDs recorded in that sector, it is checked whether ornot there are three or more errors in the read-out of PID (S19).

When three or more errors in the PID read-out are detected, thecorresponding sector is classified as defective one and the writeoperation is stopped. Next, the physical address of the defective sectornewly detected is added to the PDL on the optical disc by using thewrite signal processing unit 30 and the laser beam controller 20. Thenext target address is determined (S17) and the process from the stepS13 is repeated.

In case where the number of errors in the PID read-out in the targetsector is less than three, that sector is considered as non-defectiveone. Thus, the data is written to the valid sector and the next targetaddress is determined (S21). During the repetition of the above steps,the write operation is terminated if it is determined in the step of S13that recording of all data is completed.

For write operation, regardless of whether or not the data to berecorded is A/V data or non-A/V data, slipping replacement is performedby referring to the PDL.

The reproduction operation according to the method for creatingdefective management information of the present invention is describedbelow in detail with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8.

If a reproduction command is inputted to the optical disc drive (S40),the read-out signal processing unit 40 determines whether the data beingreproduced is A/V data or non-A/V data by decoding data read out fromthe optical pickup 10 (S41), and outputs the data to either the PIDdetector 50 or the reproducing unit 60, depending on the data type.

In the case of non-A/V data, perfect reproduction is a more importantfactor than reproduction continuity without slight delay. It is,therefore, preferred that defective sectors corresponding to the non-A/Vdata are subjected to the linear replacement algorithm, as in the priorart method, which will be described below in detail.

After it is checked whether or not the reproduction is completed (S71),data is read out and reproduced from the target sector (S73). At thistime, it is checked by the PID detector 50 whether or not there are oneor more sectors having three or more errors in the PID read-out(hereinafter referred to as PID-error sector) in an ECC block (S75).

In case where there are one or more PID-error sectors in an ECC block,the SDL manager 90 determines the ECC block containing the PID-errorsector(s) as a defective block. The defective ECC block is replaced by anon-defective replacement ECC block in the space area by the linearreplacement process and then the corresponding data is recorded therein.At this time, information showing the replacement of the defective ECCblock with a replacement ECC block is stored in the SDL-section memory70 c. Then, the next target sector is determined and located (S77).

Even when there is no PID-error sector, the ECC block is examined tocheck if there are new grown defects in the ECC block. The ECC block isregarded as a bad ECC block if the number of rows having four or moreerror bytes in one 182-type row is eight or more in one ECC block (S79).The bad ECC block is replaced by an replacement ECC block through thestep of S77.

If the ECC block is determined as valid ECC block in the step of S79,the data which is recorded on the ECC block is reproduced and the nexttarget sector is determined (S81).The reproduction operation is ended ifit is determined in the step of S71 that there is no more data to bereproduced.

On the other hand, when it is determined in the step of S41 that thedata being reproduced is A/V data, reproduction method according to thepresent invention which is different from the prior art method iscarried out, which will be described below in detail with reference toflowchart of FIG. 7.

First, it is checked whether or not reproduction operation is completed(S43), If not completed, data is read out and reproduced from the targetsector (S45). At this time, it is checked by the PID detector 50 whetheror not there are two or more errors in the PID read-out in the targetsector (S47). If there are two or more PID read-out errors, the T-PDLmanager 80 regards the target sector as bad one and stores the addressof that sector in the T-PDL section memory 70 b. Next, the next targetaddress is determined and the optical pickup is moved to the next targetsector (S49)

Even when the number of errors in the PID read-out is less than two,whether the target sector is bad or not is examined by checking if thenumber of rows having four or more error bytes is four or more in onesector (S51). The sectors determined as bad ones are stored in the T-PDLmemory section 70 b, as well. Next, the next target sector is determined(S49).

If the target sector is classified as valid one in the step of S51, justthe next target sector is determined and the optical pickup is moved tothat target sector (S53). Finally, the reproduction operation is endedif it is determined in the step of S43 that there is no more A/V data tobe reproduced.

In short, if sectors where non-A/V data is recorded are judged as badones, the sectors are replaced with valid sectors on the spare area, sothat the non-A/V data are reproduced without read-out error from thenext reproduction. On the other hand, in case of sectors where A/V datais recorded, when the sectors are determined as bad ones, no sectorreplacement is carried out to enable real-time reproduction. Instead,the addresses of the bad sectors are kept in a reserved area on theoptical disc which is separated from the reserved area for the PDL andSDL.

If A/V data on the optical disc is reproduced repeatedly, the T-PDLsection memory 70 b comes to store the addresses of bad sectors whichare newly detected during reproduction operation. Such information onnew bad sectors is written to a reserved area for the PDL on the opticaldisc when an erase command is issued by a user, which will be explainedbelow with reference to flowchart of FIG. 9.

If an erase command is inputted to the optical disc drive (S101), thephysical addresses of sectors in which the data to be erased is recordedare obtained by the address manager 120 (S107). Next, the physicaladdresses stored in the T-PDL section memory 70 b are read out (S109)and then the addresses obtained by the address manager 120 are comparedwith those of bad sectors in the T-PDL section memory (S111). If thereis no matched address, the erasing process is made (S115). If there areat least one matched addresses, the matched addresses stored in theT-PDL section memory 70 b are moved into the PDL-section memory 70 athrough the bus line (S113) and then the erasing process is made (S115).

As shown in FIG. 10, a reserved location on the optical disc for theT-PDL can be arranged such that it lies in the data area, separated fromthe PDL and SDL, or in DMA of the lead-in-area together with the PDL andSDL. The former arrangement has an advantage of preserving the existingdefect management information area for the PDL and SDL. In thisarrangement, it is preferred that the space for the T-PDL is reserved ata location before or behind the area for storing a program menuinformation, which is accessed repeatedly in writing or reproductionoperation. In the latter arrangement, the order in which three defectlists lies in the DMA can be changed.

The bad sectors, addresses of which are moved from the T-PDL sectionmemory 70 b to the PDL-section memory 70 a, are slipped by the slippingreplacement algorithm when new data is rewritten to the optical discafter erasing operation is completed. As a result, data is prohibitedfrom being written to the bad sectors.

The foregoing is provided only for the purpose of illustration andexplanation of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, sochanges, variations and modifications may be made without departing fromthe spirit and scope of the invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A recording medium comprising: a data area including a good data block and a defective data block; a defect management area including an information for identifying at least a pre-specified defective data block; and a replacement area for replacing the defective data block, wherein the replacement area is used for replacing a defective data block based on a type of data in the data block, such that if the type of the data is non-real time data then the defective data block is replaced with a data block in the replacement area, and if the type of the data is real time data then the defective data block is not replaced, at least in a reading mode.
 2. The recording medium of claim 1, wherein the data block recorded on the data area is real-time data.
 3. The recording medium of claim 1, wherein the information of the defect management area is updated when a new defective data block is found in reading mode.
 4. The recording medium of claim 1 further comprising: information for indicating whether or not the defective data block is replaced by the data block in the replacement area.
 5. A recording medium, comprising: a data area including a good data block or a defective data block; a defect management area including an information for identifying at least the defective data block; and a replacement area including an replacement block for the defective data block, wherein the defect management area also includes an information signifying whether or not a replacement of the defective data block into the replacement area is made.
 6. The recording medium of claim 5, wherein the data block recorded on the data area is real-time data.
 7. The recording medium of claim 5 wherein the information of the defect management area is updated when a new defective data block is found in reading mode.
 8. The recording medium of claim 5, wherein the signifying information is set based on a type of data written or read from the recording medium, wherein the information signifies that the defective data block is not replaced by a data block in the replacement area, if the data is real-time data, and wherein the information signifies that the defective data block is replaced by a data block in the replacement area, if the data is non-real-time data.
 9. A method for creating and writing defect management information of an information recording medium, comprising the steps of: detecting the presence of a defective area in the information recording medium; determining whether to replace data in the detected defective area into a replacement area; and creating and writing information signifying whether or not a replacement of the detected defective area is performed.
 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising replacing the data in the defective area into the replacement area based on a type of data.
 11. An apparatus for creating and writing defect management information of an information recording medium, comprising: means for detecting the presence of a defective area in the information recording medium; means for determining whether to move data in the detected defective area into a replacement area and creating and writing information signifying whether or not a replacement of the detected defective area is made.
 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the control unit further determines whether the data is moved into the replacement area based on a type of the data.
 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the control unit records information signifying whether or not a replacement of the detected defective area is made based on the type of the data.
 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the control unit prevents the data from being moved into the replacement area, if the type of data is real-time data, and wherein the control unit causes information signifying that a replacement of the detected defective area is not made to be recorded.
 15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the control unit causes the data to be moved into the replacement area, if the type of data is non real-time data, and wherein the control unit causes information signifying that a replacement of the detected defected area is made to be recorded.
 16. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the control unit prevents the data from being moved into the replacement area, if the type of data is real-time data, and wherein the control unit causes information signifying that a replacement of the detected defective area is not made to be recorded.
 17. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the control unit causes the data to be moved into the replacement area, if the type of data is non real-time data, and wherein the control unit causes information signifying that a replacement of the detected defected area is made to be recorded.
 18. A method for creating and writing defect management information of an information recording medium, comprising the steps of: detecting the presence of a defective area in the information recording medium; determining whether to move data in the detected defective area into a replacement area for real time data; and creating and writing an information signifying whether or not a replacement of the detected defective area is made.
 19. A method for creating and writing defect management information of an information recording medium, comprising the steps of: detecting the presence of a defective area in the information recording medium; determining whether to move data in the detected defective area into a replacement area; detecting type of data stored in the defective area; moving the data in the detected defective area into the replacement area if the data is non-real-time data; and recording information signifying whether or not a replacement of the detected defective area is made.
 20. The method of claim 19 further comprising: detecting type of data stored in the defective area; and preventing the data in the detected defective area from being moved into a replacement area, if the data is real-time data.
 21. The method of claim 19 further comprising: detecting type of data stored in the defective area; and moving the data in the detected defective area into a temporary replacement area, if the data is real-time data.
 22. The method of claim 19 further comprising: detecting type of data stored in the defective area; moving the data in the detected defective area into a replacement area, if the data is non-real-time data; recording an information signifying whether or not a replacement of the detected defective area is made; and reproducing the data.
 23. The method of claim 19 further comprising: detecting type of data stored in the defective area; and reproducing the data.
 24. The method of claim 19, further comprising recording information signifying that a replacement of the data in the detected defective area is made, if type of data is non real-time data and the presence of a defective block is detected.
 25. A method for recording defect management information for an information recording medium, the method comprising: detecting type of data and presence of a defective area in an information recording medium; preventing the data in the detected defective area from being stored in a replacement area, if the data is real-time-data; storing the data in the replacement area, if the data is non-real-time data; and recording an information signifying whether or not the data in the detected defective area is stored in the replacement area based on a type of data.
 26. A recording medium comprising: a data area comprising a good data block and a defective data block; a defect management area comprising information for identifying at least a pre-specified defective data block; a replacement area for replacing the defective data block, wherein the replacement area is used for replacing a defective data block found in a reading mode, if type of data read is non-real-time data; and information for indicating whether or not the defective data block is replaced with a block of the replacement area, wherein the information indicates that the defective block is replaced with a block of replacement area, if the type of data block is non real-time data, and wherein the information indicates that the defective block is not replaced into a block of replacement area, if the type of data block is real-time data.
 27. A method for creating and writing defect management information of an information recording medium, the method comprising: detecting the presence of a defective area in an information recording medium; controlling data in the detected defective area such that the data is not moved into a replacement area for real time data; and writing information signifying that a replacement for the data in the defective area is not made.
 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the controlling step further comprises: controlling the data in the detected defective area such that the data is moved into a replacement for non real time data; and writing information signifying that a replacement for the data in the defective area is made. 